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Humanistic coefficient
The Humanistic coefficient ((ポーランド語:współczynnik humanistyczny)) is a conceptual object, a methodological principle or simply a method of conducting social research that refers to a way of data analysis stressing the importance of the perception of the analyzed experience by their participants.〔(Polish Philosophy Page: Florian Znaniecki ). Archived 2007-12-19, retrieved 2008-11-01〕 The term was coined by Polish sociologist, Florian Znaniecki.〔Elżbieta Hałas, (The Humanistic Approach of Florian Znaniecki ), Chapter III. The Humanistic Coefficient of Sociological Order〕
Znaniecki coined the original term in Polish in his ''Wstęp do socjologii'' (Introduction to Sociology, 1922) and translated it to English as the humanistic coefficient in ''The Object-Matter of Sociology'' (1927).〔
==Definitions==
In Znaniecki's own words: "an observer of cultural life can understand the data observed only if taken with the ”humanistic coefficient”, only if he does not limit his observation to his own direct experience of the data but reconstructs the experience and the data in the social context of the people involved".〔Paraphrased from "The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge By Florian Znaniecki " Originally published: New York : Harper & Row, 1968.〕 Elsewhere he wrote: "This essential character of cultural data we call the humanistic coefficient, because such data, as objects of the student's theoretic reflection, already belong to somebody's else's experience and are such as this active experience makes them."
Piotr Sztompka defines the humanistic coefficient as "a connection that exists between each social fact and actions and experiences of particular individuals, and the resulting need for those facts to be studied from specific perspective that requires the research to place him or herself in the position of those individuals." Elżbieta Hałas in turn defines it as "the notion of the human collective's constructing and reconstructing of reality", thus related to the concept of social constructionist.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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